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Homeland Security Focus
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NYTimes.com
June 23, 2008
Nuclear Inspectors to Check Syria Site
By REUTERS
VIENNA (Reuters) — Senior United Nations inspectors arrived in Syria on Sunday to investigate allegations by the United States that Syria was building a clandestine nuclear reactor for military purposes before an Israeli airstrike destroyed it in September, officials said.
Syria denies the accusations, saying the remote desert site housed an ordinary military building under construction.
The United States says the project, at a site known as Al Kibar, was camouflaged to hide its nature, and Western nuclear analysts say satellite pictures taken since the bombing on Sept. 6 show that it was bulldozed in a possible effort to remove incriminating evidence.
The International Atomic Energy Agency has indicated that uncovering the truth at this stage could be difficult.
Iran threatened with new sanctions
Bush, EU demand a 'verifiable' halt to uranium work
By Dan Eggen, Washington Post | June 11, 2008
KRANJ, Slovenia - President Bush and European Union leaders threatened Iran yesterday with new financial sanctions unless the country curbs its nuclear ambitions and opens facilities to international inspection.
Following a two-hour meeting that touched on Iran and a host of issues, including climate change and trade, Bush and his European counterparts indicated they were prepared to go beyond current United Nations sanctions to try to ensure Iran does not develop a nuclear weapon.
The Islamic republic insists its nuclear research and facilities are solely for peaceful purposes, but Tehran has stymied international inspectors from verifying the extent and nature of its program.
"Now is the time for there to be strong diplomacy," Bush said after the meeting, appearing with Prime Minister Janez Jansa of Slovenia and Jose Manuel Barroso, president of the European Commission.
"They can either face isolation, or they can have better relations with all of us," Bush said. "We'll find new sanctions if need be."
A statement from the United States and the 27-nation European Union said Iran must undertake a "full and verifiable" suspension of its uranium enrichment program and disclose any prior weapons-related work to the International Atomic Energy Agency or IAEA. Although it is suspected that Iran halted work on nuclear weapons several years ago, the inability of the IAEA to inspect Iran's operations has left doubts about Tehran's intentions as it continues to expand and improve its uranium enrichment. Enriched uranium can be used for both nuclear energy and weapons.
Unless those obligations are met, the statement said the United States and European Union were prepared "to supplement" existing UN sanctions with "additional measures."
The communiqué indicated that the focus would be on Iran's financial system "to ensure Iranian banks cannot abuse the international banking system to support proliferation and terrorism."
The language on Iran marks a modest accomplishment for Bush and other administration officials, who had indicated prior to yesterday's summit that they did not expect to reach an accord on any of the other major issues facing the trans-Atlantic alliance.
The agenda for the one-day summit was broad and adjourned with major issues left on the table. On climate change, for example, the European Union wants to cut its own greenhouse emissions substantially during the next 12 years, while the Bush administration contends that any agreement should require major developing countries such as China and India to curb their emissions as well.
Still, Bush said he felt a deal on climate change was possible in the coming months.
"I think we can get an agreement on climate change in my presidency, just so you know," Bush said.
Among the other issues left unsettled: demands from Slovenia and other new members of the European Union for visa-free travel to the United States and a dispute over a European ban on US poultry.
Neither Jansa nor Barroso made specific remarks on Iran; however, a White House release said the group had agreed to "additional measures" against the country because of concern about its nuclear program, and Bush characterized a nuclear Tehran as a threat to world peace.
Iran is under criticism for defying three sets of UN Security Council sanctions by continuing to enrich uranium.
The summit in Slovenia kicks off a weeklong farewell journey for Bush in Europe, including a stop later yesterday in Berlin and travel to Rome, Paris, and London. |
The Washington Times
Article published May 16, 2008
Passport cards called security vulnerability
May 16, 2008
By Bill Gertz
THE WASHINGTON TIMES - The State Department will soon begin production of an electronic passport card that security specialists and members of Congress fear will be vulnerable to alteration or counterfeiting.
The agency has contracted with L-1 Identity Solutions Inc. to produce electronic-passport cards as a substitute for booklet passports for use by Americans who travel frequently by road or sea to Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean.
About the size of a credit card, the electronic-passport card displays a photo of the user and a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip containing data about the user. The State Department announced recently that it will begin producing the cards next month and issue the first ones in July.
Security specialists told The Washington Times that the electronic-passport card can be copied or altered easily by removing the photograph with solvent and replacing it with one from an unauthorized user.
James Hesse, former chief intelligence officer for the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Forensic Document Laboratory, which monitors fraudulent government documents, said the card should have been designed with a special optical security strip to make it secure and prevent counterfeiting. The selection of a card with an RFID chip is "an extremely risky decision," Mr. Hesse said in an interview.
"The optical strip has never been compromised," he said. "It's the most secure medium out there to store data."
Joel Lisker, a former FBI agent who spent 18 years countering credit-card fraud at MasterCard, said the new cards pose a serious threat to U.S. security. "There really is no security with these cards," he said.
Mr. Lisker, a consultant to a competitor for the electronic-passport card contract, said the State Department's selection of the RFID card shows it favors speedy processing at entry points more than security. He charged that the department "will not make changes until it is satisfied that compromises are occurring on a regular basis."
The State Department rejected a more secure card because it is "surrendering to speed over security, essentially creating new vulnerabilities. ... It will not take long for the bad guys to figure out which ports have readability and which do not," he said.
Steve Royster, a State Department spokesman, declined to comment.
Another State Department official, however, said the agency thinks the RFID passport card is secure.
"The passport card is the result of an interagency effort to produce the most durable, secure and tamper-resistant card for the American public using state-of-the-art, laser-engraving and security features," said the official, who spoke on the condition that he not be identified.
Members of Congress have raised concerns about the new card in a bipartisan letter to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff.
"We have serious concerns regarding the final card chosen for the Passport Card," the April 25 letter states. It was written by Reps. Brian P. Bilbray, California Republican, and Christopher Carney, Pennsylvania Democrat. Seventeen Republicans and one Democrat signed the letter.
"Each card will carry the same rights and privileges of the U.S. passport book with the exception of international air travel. As such, the cards will be used not only to cross the border, they will also be used throughout the interior United States as proof of citizenship and identity in everyday transactions; as a proof of identity in [Transportation Security Administration] lines, to enter federal buildings, to engage in financial transactions, and to obtain driver's licenses," the letter said.
The lawmakers noted that the bipartisan Sept. 11 commission final report stated that "travel documents are as important as weapons" for global terrorists.
In a separate letter to the State Department on May 2, Mr. Carney asked for a briefing on the passport cards, saying "we need to have confidence that these cards cannot be compromised by terrorists, drug smugglers, human traffickers and others who would break our laws and do us harm."
The State Department considered a prototype passport card designed by General Dynamics that used the optical security strip but rejected the option, preferring a passport card that contains an RFID chip made in Europe.
An optical security strip appears as a dark, 1-inch-wide line on the top of a card. Close inspection of the strip reveals ultra-high resolution images that security specialists say cannot be counterfeited and can be identified easily by border officials. Security specialists say the strip is needed to boost the security features of the RFID chip in the passport cards.
L-1 Identity Solutions announced in March that it won the State Department contract, which has an estimated value of $107 million over five years.
The cards are intended for use by travelers in U.S. border communities as a "less expensive and more portable alternative to the traditional passport book," according to the State Department Web site. The cards are not valid for entry into the United States by travelers arriving by aircraft.
Mr. Hesse, the former Forensic Document Laboratory intelligence chief, stated in a 2006 letter to Mr. Chertoff that he is "seriously alarmed" by the use of RFID technology on the passport card. He also noted that the U.S. permanent residence and border-crossing cards that use the optical security strip are being phased out.
"With my 30-plus years experience in the field of travel and identity document security, this is, in my opinion, a shortsighted and extremely risky decision," Mr. Hesse stated.
Because the passport card will be widely accepted as an official travel document for entry into the country, "this card will definitely become the document of choice for counterfeiters," Mr. Hesse said.
"Why would a non-U.S. citizen even bother to counterfeit the green card? The PassCard makes you a U.S. citizen and gives you the access to and/or the privileges mentioned above," he stated. "Therefore, it should be imperative that the U.S. government produce and provide the most secure card as possible."
Brian Zimmer, a former House Judiciary Committee investigator, said the new passport cards lack sufficient security features because the State Department did not demand them of the contractor, L-1 Identity Solutions.
"It's critical that the passport card be made highly counterfeit-resistant," said Mr. Zimmer, now head of the Coalition for a Secure Driver's License. "The State Department should address these deficiencies and change the contract so the manufacturer can address them." Mr. Zimmer was for a time a consultant on the passport card to a subcontractor of General Dynamics.
Frank Moss, a former State Department passport office official who is now a consultant to L-1, said the State Department and the Department of Homeland Security set the specifications for the contract.
"It was government security experts who determined the specifications," Mr. Moss said in an interview. "The optical stripe, quite honestly, was never used as a stand-alone security feature."
The federal government plans to supply only 39 ports of entry with equipment capable of checking the validity of the cards with electronic scanners. More than 300 other entry points will not have the RFID chip readers.
Kelly Klundt, a spokeswoman for U.S. Customs and Border Protection, said the deployment of passport card readers to the largest and busiest 39 border-entry points was intended to expedite travel. The more than 300 remaining points of entry without passport card scanners are in remote locations, and officials will visually inspect passport cards at those entry points, she said.
"Just because there aren't RFID readers at every entry point doesn't mean we don't inspect [the passport cards]," she said.
States working to comply with new ID policies
By Spencer S. Hsu, Washington Post | March 31, 2008
WASHINGTON - The governors of Maine and South Carolina are working with the Department of Homeland Security to avert a showdown over a federal demand that the states issue more secure driver's licenses.
If the dispute is not resolved by today's deadline, it technically could leave residents of those states unable to board aircraft, officials said.
Forty-six other states, including Massachusetts, have formally sought and received extensions of a May deadline for starting work on the new licenses. Two other states, Montana and New Hampshire, struck a deal a week ago that prompted DHS to grant them extensions they had not requested.
Over the past three years, the department has struggled to fulfill the counterterrorism mandate set by Congress in 2005 to produce the new licenses by May. As the department has missed targets in its timetables, resistance to the plan, known as Real ID, has grown steadily across the country.
The plan was enacted because all but one of the hijackers in the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks had acquired, legitimately or by fraud, IDs allowing them to board planes and travel.
The law, which overhauls how state ID cards and driver's licenses must be awarded, is meant to combat forgery and fraud by standardizing license data to be shared across government databases.
It requires, for example, that states verify applicants' citizenship status, check identity documents such as birth certificates, and cross-check information with other states and the federal government.  |
Security camera can detect hidden items from 80 feet
Developers say device is ideal for airports, does not use radiation
By SHELLEY EMLING
Cox News Service
Published on: 03/11/08
LONDON — A security camera that can peer discreetly through clothing from 80 feet away is being unveiled Wednesday at a scientific exhibition near here.
The T5000 camera could someday help passengers zip through airport checkpoints around the world, according to its developers. It also could be a boon for railroad stations and shopping centers eager to step up security.
Created by a British company called ThruVision, the camera relies on naturally occurring terahertz waves — the electromagnetic spectrum between infrared and microwaves — that are emitted by all people and things.
The camera is designed to detect drugs, liquids, weapons and explosives hidden under a person's clothing, but without revealing the anatomical attributes of the person's body.
"The ability to see both metallic and non-metallic items on people out to 25 meters is certainly a key capability that will enhance any comprehensive security system deployment," said Clive Beattie, ThruVision's chief executive officer.
He said ThruVision is entirely passive, with no irradiation of subjects that might give rise to health concerns.
The device can display images of concealed objects such as explosives under clothing even when the subject is walking.
"We can screen as people move and at a distance," said Jonathan James, ThruVision's director of product marketing. "This augments existing metal detector technology."
He said an earlier version of the T5000 camera already is in use at undisclosed U.S. military sites, although he would not elaborate.
James said the technology could eventually speed up wait times for travelers passing through airports.
Airports such as Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport — the world's busiest — have long been considering ways to ease their sometimes crowded security checkpoints. Ideas under recent discussion include the addition of more security lanes, including some lanes that fliers would pay to use.
But not all security experts are convinced that ThruVision's technology would make a big difference.
Michael Radu, an expert on terrorism at the Philadelphia-based Foreign Policy Research Institute, said the time now spent to screen a passenger is no more than about 20 seconds.
"The delays are a matter of organization of gates at the airport," he said. "If the new system could eliminate the need to take off shoes and to open handbags, it would improve matters. But if not, there would be little change in the sense of travelers' convenience."
James said the T5000 is designed to spot large objects, and not smaller objects that might be found in a shoe.
Meanwhile, privacy concerns also could hamper deployment of such a device.
Robert Ellis Smith, publisher of the Privacy Journal based in Providence, R.I., said passengers should be worried that vendors, and not security specialists, seem to drive the direction of airport screening and that both parties rely too much on technology.
Based near Oxford, England, ThruVision was spun off in 2004 from the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, one of the British government's foremost physics research centers.
ThruVision will unveil the T5000 camera at an exhibition this week sponsored by Britain's Home Office that will showcase the latest in security equipment.
"Astronomers use T-ray cameras that can see through dust and clouds in space, revealing what lies beyond," said Liz Towns-Andrews of Britain's Science and Technology Facilities Council, which runs the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. "ThruVision uses them to see weapons hidden by clothing.
"Who would have imagined that research carried out by space scientists to study the stars could result in it being used to protect the public from terrorists, and therefore save lives?" she said. "The impact of this will be remarkable." |
Army helmet sensors to track bombs' effects
January 4, 2008
By TOM VANDEN BROOK
USA TODAY
WASHINGTON -- The Army is sending soldiers to Afghanistan with high-tech helmets to gather data on the effect of bomb blasts on their brains.
The Army's Program Executive Office (PEO) Soldier has outfitted the helmets of soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division with sensors to gauge the violent shaking that occurs when improvised explosive devices, or IEDs, explode near them, said Brig. Gen. Mark Brown, who leads the office.
"It's basically a computer chip in a helmet," Brown said.
So far, 1,145 soldiers have received helmet sensors, according to Debi Dawson, a spokeswoman for PEO Soldier, the office charged with developing and fielding equipment needed for combat. The soldiers are scheduled to deploy to Afghanistan in the spring.
The device is to be checked monthly and can record 527 events, ranging from being dropped to being blasted by a bomb. The sensor weighs 6 ounces, runs on a battery that can last six months and fits on the back of the helmet.
To better measure the causes and effects of traumatic brain injury, the Army is working to establish data on what happens to a soldier's head during an IED blast. The sensor will measure the violent pulse of air after an explosion. Energy from this wave courses through the body, damaging brain cells and other organs.
The helmet device also will measure acceleration, the jolt soldiers get from the explosion. The jolt is one of the primary causes of death from an IED because it can snap the neck. The data is to be downloaded to establish a database on the effects of blasts. Researchers expect to study the information and use it to develop safer helmets.
IEDs are the top cause of brain injuries for U.S. troops. They account for almost 80% of all wounds and are responsible for 60% of those killed.
Troops near IED explosions can suffer perforated eardrums, ringing in the ears, blurred vision and memory lapses. Congress authorized $150 million for brain injury research in an emergency spending bill passed in May for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Soldiers often return to combat after recovering from a concussion, or a bruising of the brain. Research shows that such blasts can cause damage deep inside the brain, and the symptoms may remain hidden for years. |
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DHS launches pilot to integrate fingerprint databases with FBI
By Jill R. Aitoro jaitoro@govexec.com
December 5, 2007
The Homeland Security Department began this week testing a fingerprint scanning application in certain airports so it can tap into an FBI database to identify more accurately whether visiting foreigners may be criminals, illegal immigrants or terrorists.
Under a pilot project, foreigners landing in 10 airports -- including Dulles International Airport in Washington and John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York -- have begun to have the fingerprint from each finger scanned when they enter the United States. In the past, foreigners only had two fingerprints scanned, from the right and left index fingers. The 10-fingerprint scan allows officials with DHS' United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology program, which manages the program, to check identities of visitors against the FBI's fingerprint database of individuals who have outstanding warrants or are criminals, or known or suspected terrorists.
Since launching the fingerprint scanning process in 2004, US VISIT had been matching foreign visitors' fingerprints to a database called the DHS Automated Biometric Identification System. By scanning 10 fingerprints, US VISIT expects to reduce the number of visitors erroneously matched to individuals the United States wants to bar from entering the country, such as known terrorists and criminals. When any match occurs, DHS officials send visitors to a secondary inspection area for further identity verification, creating delays for wrongly detained visitors, said Robert Mocny, director of US VISIT.
In addition, officials hope the 10-fingerprint standard will better identify criminals and immigration violators based on full or partial prints left at the scene of a crime, as well as latent fingerprints the Defense Department collects from terrorist safe houses or battlefields.
"There was a long-standing difference in terms of the operational requirement when immigration developed its first biometric [program]," said Scott Hastings, a partner at the federal IT consulting firm Deep Water Point and former chief information officer for the US VISIT Program Management Office who oversaw the development of the first fingerprint scanning system. "Two fingerprints worked, because the requirement was not forensic [investigation]; instead, it was just 'have we seen this person before.'"
DHS' goal is to eventually make the databases and processes fully compatible with the FBI's fingerprint database, called the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System, which is based on 10-fingerprint scans. The database stores fingerprints of wanted criminals and known terrorists that are not in the DHS fingerprint database. "DHS' US VISIT and FBI's [Justice Information Services] division are working to make their two databases fully interoperable so that information about criminals and immigration violators can be shared," Mocny said.
"This change will allow for improved security at the nation's borders by providing more information to verify a person's identity, make the process faster and more accurate, and improve the nation's ability to identify terrorists and other dangerous persons," said FBI spokesman Paul Bresson. "Full interoperability between the two databases will ensure information is maintained within each repository consistent with each agency's mission, while allowing direct access to information in a seamless manner."
An interagency Integrated Project Team formed in 2006 to develop the Interim Data Sharing Model (iDSM) is pursuing a three-phase approach. The pilot program tested biometric-based interoperability with the exchange of a small subset of DHS and FBI data. Now, in phase two, agencies are working together to develop an exchange and search capability by September 2008. DHS and the FBI plan to have fully operational systems, including sharing of biometric and biographic data, by 2010.
But the project has not-so-easy technological hurdles to overcome, Hastings said. "I hope it's successful, but the real question will be whether [10-fingerprint collection] helps collaboration with FBI," he said. "For that to happen, DHS is going to have to ensure [that] the legacy system has been scaled and structural investments made to support modernization. This is not just about rolling out devices -- can the current system handle this?"
In addition, the exchange between databases will not be seamless or immediate. DHS and the FBI will maintain the two databases independently, providing a "read-only" version of fingerprint images for the highest risk individuals, Bresson said. And response times for database queries will be prioritized based on respective business needs.
These requirements and the potential for delays in information exchange beg the question of why two separate databases are necessary, which was debated years ago when US VISIT first launched, Hastings said. "There was an ongoing dispute, because FBI was concerned about the establishment of another fingerprint database and believed they should be servicing requirements governmentwide," Hastings said. DHS worked closely with Justice and came to the conclusion that because DHS had different operational requirements, the databases should be kept separate, Hastings added.
DHS and FBI officials declined to comment on the double database issue.
Operating redundant information systems and databases runs counter to the Federal Enterprise Architecture Initiative, overseen by the Office of Management and Budget. The purpose of the FEA initiative is to identify opportunities to simplify processes and unify work across agencies by consolidating processes and networks. OMB officials declined to comment on the separate databases.
The airports testing new 10-fingerprint scanning application are:
• Boston Logan International Airport
• Chicago O'Hare International Airport
• Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport
• Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport
• George Bush Houston Intercontinental Airport
• Miami International Airport
• John F. Kennedy International Airport
• Orlando International Airport
• San Francisco International Airport
• Washington Dulles International Airport
Japan to fingerprint, photograph visiting foreigners
Friday, October 26, 2007 5:43 AM
By CARL FREIRE
Associated Press
TOKYO—Japan hopes to thwart potential terrorists from entering the country by fingerprinting and photographing all foreigners aged 16 or over on entry starting next month, an official said today.
Only some permanent residents, diplomatic visitors, and children under 16 will be exempt from the measures after the system goes into effect Nov. 20, Immigration Bureau official Takumi Sato said.
Under the new system, all adults will be photographed and fingerprinted on arrival in Japan. Incoming aircraft and ship operators also will be obliged to provide passenger and crew lists before they arrive.
Resident foreigners will be required to go through the procedure every time they re-enter Japan.
Immigration officials will run the images and data through a database of international terror and crime suspects as well as against domestic crime records. People matching the data on file will be denied entry and deported.
"We hope the system will help keep terrorists out of the country, and also put at ease the minds of both the Japanese people and the foreigners who come here," Sato said.
The bureau plans to store the data for "a long time," Sato said, while refusing to disclose how long due to security concerns.
It is unclear how many people will be affected; Japan saw 8.11 million foreign entries in 2006, Sato said.
Opponents of the new system say the measures amount to discrimination against foreigners and a violation of their right to privacy.
Tokyo's staunch support of the U.S.-led invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq and dispatch of forces to each region have raised concerns that Japan could become the target of deadly terror attacks.
US seeks ID security system for Iraq
Calls for use of biometric data
By Walter Pincus, The Washington Post | October 16, 2007
WASHINGTON - In August, the US military requested bids on a new biometric credential system to provide identification cards for three Iraqi government ministries.
"Without a strong ID program, anti-Iraqi forces can enter controlled areas and disrupt electrical systems, petroleum transportation, and processing facilities," said a statement of work from the Joint Contracting Command-Iraq, which is seeking a "strong credential identification system" for 40,000 employees who work across Iraq for the Oil, Electricity, and Water ministries.
"Problems persist with individuals being represented as employees at various sites, with multiple records and duplicate salaries."
"The best solution," according to the work statement, "is to enroll these workers biometrically by taking their fingerprints and other supporting biographical data. . . . This eliminates ghost employees because a duplicate enrollment can be immediately detected."
The fingerprints can also determine trustworthy employees because they would be checked against the Iraqi Automated Fingerprint Identification System, which contains 300,000 criminal records from the former government of Saddam Hussein, as well as latent fingerprints collected by the United States from roadside bombs and insurgents' weapons.
The winning contractor is to design the system and provide equipment that would work with the Iraqi fingerprint program and the personnel operations of the three Iraqi ministries.
The contractor would also provide technical support, program management, and training, but the ID system would be in the hands of Iraqis and US government personnel.
The proposal has an important requirement: It "must be compatible with the biometric equipment and database that is being used by the Iraq Ministry of Interior."
The equipment and software being used by the Interior Ministry were developed by Cross Match Technologies Inc. of Palm Gardens, Fla. The Cross Match fingerprint scanner is one used by the Department of Homeland Security in its US-VISIT program, started in 2005, which requires fingerprint and photo scanning for almost every foreign visitor.
In June 2005, Elaine Dezenski, then a Homeland Security Department transportation official, told Congress that international travelers get fingerprinted as part of visa applications and again when they enter and leave the United States.
Earlier this year, James W. Ziglar, the president of Cross Match, told an industry group that more than 5,000 Cross Match fingerprint devices "are installed at border locations and US consular offices abroad, and US-VISIT will commence with full Guardian deployment in late 2007."
Ziglar joined Cross Match in 2005.
He left his last government job, as President Bush's commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, in December 2002, just before the agency was folded into the Department of Homeland Security
Before that he had been Senate sergeant at arms, appointed by his friend, Senator Trent Lott, a Mississippi Republican, who was then the majority leader.
Last year, he drew a $400,000 salary from Cross Match and was awarded stock options worth $225,046, according to filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
In September 2006, Dezenski also joined Cross Match as senior vice president for global government affairs at an annual salary of $250,000, another $126,000 in options, and what the company described in its SEC filings as a $25,000 signing bonus.
Pamela Rembaum, Cross Match director of investor relations, said the company is aware of the contract proposal.
An Army spokesman later said it was awarded Oct. 9, for $2.3 million, to Ideal Innovations of Arlington, Va. |
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